How to Adjust Rear Derailleur
How to Adjust Rear Derailleur
The rear derailleur is an essential component of a bicycle’s gear system. Proper adjustment ensures smooth shifting and prolongs the life of your drivetrain. Adjusting the rear derailleur may seem daunting, but with the right steps, it can be straightforward.
Tools You Will Need
- Phillips or flathead screwdriver
- 5mm Allen wrench
- Bike stand (optional, but helpful)
Initial Inspection
Start by putting your bike on a stand or flipping it upside down. Shift your derailleur to the smallest cog. Check for any visible damage or dirt buildup on the derailleur. Clean the area around it if necessary. Examine the derailleur hanger to ensure it’s straight. A bent hanger will lead to poor shifting. Align the hanger if needed.
Limit Screws Adjustment
The derailleur has two limit screws, marked ‘H’ for high and ‘L’ for low. These screws control the maximum and minimum positions of the derailleur. Start with the high limit screw.
Shift to the smallest cog. Adjust the high limit screw so the jockey wheel aligns perfectly with the smallest cog. If it doesn’t, turn the screw clockwise to move the derailleur outward and counterclockwise to move it inward.
For the low limit screw, shift to the largest cog. Adjust the low limit screw so the jockey wheel aligns with the largest cog. Turning clockwise will move it inward, and counterclockwise will move it outward.
B-Screw Adjustment
The B-screw controls the derailleur’s distance from the cassette, impacting how well it shifts across the gears. Shift to the largest cog again. The upper jockey wheel should be close to the cog but not touching it. Adjust the B-screw to achieve an adequate gap, typically around 5-6mm. Turning the screw clockwise moves the derailleur away from the cassette; counterclockwise brings it closer.
Cable Tension
Proper cable tension is crucial for smooth shifting. Shift to the smallest cog and check the tension by pulling the cable. It should be taut, but not overly tight. Adjust the barrel adjuster located near the derailleur or shifter to fine-tune the tension.
Fine-Tuning Shifting
Take the bike for a test ride or turn the pedals manually if the bike is on a stand. Shift through all the gears, observing any issues with shifting.
If shifting is sluggish or noisy, make minor adjustments to the barrel adjuster. Turning it clockwise tightens the cable; counterclockwise loosens it. Small adjustments can make a big difference, so tweak it gradually.
For more precise indexing, shift to the middle of the cassette. From here, fine-tune the barrel adjuster. Keep making small adjustments while shifting up and down the cassette until the gears shift smoothly.
Rechecking Limit Screws
Once the cable tension is optimized, recheck the limit screws. Ensure the derailleur operates within the set boundaries and doesn’t overshoot the cogs. Slightly adjust if necessary, using the same methodology described earlier. This ensures your chain won’t jump off either end of the cassette.
Lubricating Moving Parts
Regular maintenance is key. Apply a few drops of lubricant to the derailleur’s pivot points. This reduces friction and enhances performance. Avoid over-lubricating, as excess lubricant can attract dirt and grime.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Skipping Gears
If the chain skips or jumps between gears, recheck the cable tension. Often, slight barrel adjuster tweaks resolve this. Also, inspect the derailleur hanger again. Even a small bend can cause skipping.
Chain Dropping Off
If the chain drops off the cassette, the limit screws likely need adjustment. Ensure they’re correctly set to prevent overshooting the smallest or largest cogs.
Inconsistent Shifting
Inconsistent shifting can stem from several issues, including wear and tear, dirt buildup, or improper setup. Start with simple solutions like cleaning and lubricating. If the problem persists, recheck all adjustments or consider replacing worn components.
Maintaining and Regular Checks
Regular checks ensure long-term performance. Inspect the derailleur and its components periodically. Clean and lubricate your bike regularly. Adjustments made earlier might need fine-tuning as cables stretch over time.
When to Seek Professional Help
Know when to consult a professional. If you’ve attempted these adjustments and still face issues, a visit to your local bike shop might be necessary. They have specialized tools and expertise to handle complex problems.
A well-adjusted rear derailleur improves the ride experience. With these straightforward steps, you can ensure your bike shifts smoothly, allowing you to focus on enjoying the ride.